A cardinal position of gaze is a direction of gaze where the action of a specific extraocular muscle is isolated and most apparent. There are six cardinal positions of gaze. The following matrix lists the muscles active in different cardinal positions of gaze. Note that straight up, primary gaze and straight down are not cardinal positions due to multiple muscles involved in these directions of gaze.
| Right | Left |
Up | RE: Superior Rectus LE: Inferior Oblique | RE: Inferior Oblique LE: Superior Rectus |
Middle | RE: Lateral Rectus LE: Medial Rectus | RE: Medial Rectus LE: Lateral Rectus |
Down | RE: Inferior Rectus LE: Superior Oblique | RE: Superior Oblique LE: Inferior Rectus |